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Trials

  • Human growth factor and cytokine skin cream for facial skin rejuvenation as assessed by 3D in vivo optical skin imaging.
    Source

    Gold Skin Care Center, Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville 37215, USA.

    goldskin@goldskincare.com

    Abstract

    Growth factors, in addition to their crucial role in cutaneous wound healing, are also beneficial for skin rejuvenation. Due to their multifunctional activities such as promoting skin cell proliferation and stimulating collagen formation, growth factors may participate in skin rejuvenation at various levels. The present placebo-controlled study aimed to further investigate the anti aging effects of a novel skin cream containing a mixture of human growth factors and cytokines, which was obtained through a biotechnology process using cultured human fetal fibroblasts. Aside from clinical assessment of skin wrinkles, the skin surface topography was analyzed by 3D in vivo optical skin imaging using the Phaseshift Rapid in vivo Measurement of Skin (PRIMOS) device. This device allows fast, contact-free, and direct measurement of the skin surface topography in vivo at high resolution. This technique is quantitative and more reliable than a visual assessment of wrinkles using a scoring system, which is subjective and strongly dependent on investigator and assessment conditions. Using the PRIMOS device, which is also regarded as a more accurate method than the commonly used silicon replica technique, skin surface roughness was shown to significantly decrease between 10% and 18% depending on the roughness parameter after 2 months of twice-daily application of the human growth factor and cytokine cream. This was compared to treatment with the placebo formulation resulting in an approximate 10% decrease of 2 roughness parameters, whereas the remaining parameters remained unchanged. We found that topical application of growth factors and cytokines are beneficial in reducing signs of skin aging.

    J Drugs Dermatol. 2009 May;8(5 Suppl Skin Rejuenation):4-13.

  • Topically applied physiologically balanced growth factors: a new paradigm of skin rejuvenation.
    Source

    Dermatology, Cosmetic & Laser Surgery, Rockville, MD, USA.

    Abstract

    Synergistic interaction of multiple growth factors (GF) in skin controls the processes that promote skin repair. GFs have been shown to affect different pathways of skin repair and rejuvenation with many GFs working in close cooperation with one another and with other endogenous agents. Intrinsic and extrinsic aging of skin reduces both the levels of natural GFs and the number and activity of fibroblasts. Supplementing skin’s endogenous GFs may enhance natural repair processes and accelerate the reversal of damage caused by intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging. In spite of their large molecular weight, evidence suggests that a small fraction of topically applied GFs penetrating into superficial epidermis can elicit a fibroblast-mediated response in the dermis. GF mixture secreted by human fibroblasts grown in conditions resembling the physiological condition of dermis, and present at high concentrations in a stable formula is most likely to provide an ideal cosmeceutical product. This naturally balanced mixture is also likely to contain other important, but as yet unidentified, substances that affect skin healing. Such a complex mixture cannot be reproduced using synthetic substances. Clinical studies have shown that topical application of products containing high concentrations of a physiologically balanced mixture of GF appears to reverse the signs of skin aging. A synergistic combination of antioxidants, matrix building agents and skin conditioners with physiologically balanced GF provides a novel and comprehensive paradigm of skin rejuvenation.

    PMID: 19562882

  • Current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms in fibroplasia and angiogenesis during acute wound healing.
    Source

    Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital South Manchester Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.

    Abstract

    Cutaneous wound healing ultimately functions to facilitate barrier restoration following injury-induced loss of skin integrity. It is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-cellular, multi-molecular process involving co-ordinated inter-play between complex signalling networks. Cellular proliferation is recognised as the third stage of this sequence. Within this phase, fibroplasia and angiogenesis are co-dependent processes which must be successfully completed in order to form an evolving extracellular matrix and granulation tissue. The resultant structures guide cellular infiltration, differentiation and secretory profile within the wound environment and consequently have major influence on the success or failure of wound healing. This review integrates in vitro, animal and human in vivo studies, to provide up to date descriptions of molecular and cellular interactions involved in fibroplasia and angiogenesis. Significant molecular networks include adhesion molecules, proteinases, cytokines and chemokines as well as a plethora of growth factors. These signals are produced by, and affect behaviour of, cells including fibroblasts, fibrocytes, keratinocytes, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells resulting in significant cellular phenotypic and functional plasticity, as well as controlling composition and remodelling of structural proteins including collagen and fibronectin. The interdependent relationship between angiogenesis and fibroplasia relies on dynamic reciprocity between cellular components, matrix proteins and bioactive molecules. Unbalanced regulation of any one component can have significant consequences resulting in delayed healing, chronic wounds or abnormal scar formation. Greater understanding of angiogenic and fibroplastic mechanisms underlying chronic wound pathogenesis has identified novel therapeutic targets and enabled development of improved treatment strategies including topical growth factors and skin substitutes.

    Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

    KEYWORDS:

    Acute wounds, Angiogenesis, Chronic wounds, Fibroplasia, Wound healing

  • Fibroblasts and keratinocytes with immunosuppressive properties for allogeneic cell-based wound therapy.
    Source

    Cell and Gene Therapy Unit, CIC Biotherapy INSERM 0503, Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France.

    Abstract

    Fetal skin heals rapidly without scar formation early in gestation, conferring to fetal skin cells a high and unique potential for tissue regeneration and scar management. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using fetal fibroblasts and keratinocytes to stimulate wound repair and regeneration for further allogeneic cell-based therapy development. From a single fetal skin sample, two clinical batches of keratinocytes and fibroblasts were manufactured and characterized. Tolerogenic properties of the fetal cells were investigated by allogeneic PBMC proliferation tests. In addition, the potential advantage of fibroblasts/keratinocytes co-application for wound healing stimulation has been examined in co-culture experiments with in vitro scratch assays and a multiplex cytokines array system. Based on keratin 14 and prolyl-4-hydroxylase expression analyses, purity of both clinical batches was found to be above 98% and neither melanocytes nor Langerhans cells could be detected. Both cell types demonstrated strong immunosuppressive properties as shown by the dramatic decrease in allogeneic PBMC proliferation when co-cultured with fibroblasts and/or keratinocytes. We further showed that the indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) activity is required for the immunoregulatory activity of fetal skin cells. Co-cultures experiments have also revealed that fibroblasts-keratinocytes interactions strongly enhanced fetal cells secretion of HGF, GM-CSF, IL-8 and to a lesser extent VEGF-A. Accordingly, in the in vitro scratch assays the fetal fibroblasts and keratinocytes co-culture accelerated the scratch closure compared to fibroblast or keratinocyte mono-cultures. In conclusion, our data suggest that the combination of fetal keratinocytes and fibroblasts could be of particular interest for the development of a new allogeneic skin substitute with immunomodulatory activity, acting as a reservoir for wound healing growth factors.

  • Scar less wound repair: a human fetal skin model.
    Source

    Fetal Treatment Program, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center 94143.

    Abstract

    Animal studies demonstrate that the fetus heals cutaneous wounds by reformation of normal tissue architecture without scar formation. We have developed a new model to study human fetal skin wound healing. Grafts of human fetal skin placed onto athymic mice retain the morphologic features of normal development, although they differentiate at an accelerated rate when placed cutaneously compared to subcutaneously. Full-thickness skin grafts from human fetuses at 15 (n = 12), 17 (n = 11), 18 (n = 25), 19 (n = 20) and 22 (n = 13) weeks gestational age were placed onto athymic (nu/nu) mice in 2 locations: (1) cutaneously onto a fascial bed and thereby exposed to air or (2) subcutaneously in a pocket under the murine panniculus carnosus. Linear incisions were made in each graft 7 days after transplantation. Grafts were harvested at 7, 14 and 21 days postwounding and analyzed histologically for scar formation. By hematoxylin & eosin and Mallory’s trichrome stains, complete epidermal and dermal graft wound healing without scar formation was demonstrated in the subcutaneous grafts at each gestational age studied. In contrast, scar was seen at all time points in the cutaneous grafts in both the incisional wound and at the interface of the fetal human skin graft and adult mouse skin, regardless of fetal skin gestational age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  • Chronic wound healing by fetal cell therapy may be explained by differential gene profiling observed in fetal versus old skin cells.
    Source

    Office of Dermatology and Angiology, Lausanne, Switzerland.

    Abstract

    Engineering of fetal tissue has a high potential for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds of the skin in humans as these cells have high expansion capacity under simple culture conditions and one organ donation can produce Master Cell Banks which can fabricate over 900 million biological bandages (9 x 12cm). In a Phase 1 clinical safety study, cases are presented for the treatment of therapy resistant leg ulcers. All eight patients, representing 13 ulcers, tolerated multiple treatments with fetal biological bandages showing no negative secondary effects and repair processes similar to that seen in 3rd degree burns. Differential gene profiling using Affymetrix gene chips (analyzing 12,500 genes) were accomplished on these banked fetal dermal skin cells compared to banked dermal skin cells of an aged donor in order to point to potential indicators of wound healing. Families of genes involved in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix, cell cycle, cellular signaling, development and immune response show significant differences in regulation between banked fetal and those from banked old skin cells: with approximately 47.0% of genes over-expressed in fetal fibroblasts. It is perhaps these differences which contribute to efficient tissue repair seen in the clinic with fetal cell therapy.

  • Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing.
    Source

    University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.

    Abstract

    Wound healing is an evolutionarily conserved, complex, multicellular process that, in skin, aims at barrier restoration. This process involves the coordinated efforts of several cell types including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, and platelets. The migration, infiltration, proliferation, and differentiation of these cells will culminate in an inflammatory response, the formation of new tissue and ultimately wound closure. This complex process is executed and regulated by an equally complex signaling network involving numerous growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. Of particular importance is the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), interleukin (IL) family, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha family. Currently, patients are treated by three growth factors: PDGF-BB, bFGF, and GM-CSF. Only PDGF-BB has successfully completed randomized clinical trials in the Unites States. With gene therapy now in clinical trial and the discovery of biodegradable polymers, fibrin mesh, and human collagen serving as potential delivery systems other growth factors may soon be available to patients. This review will focus on the specific roles of these growth factors and cytokines during the wound healing process.

  • A randomized guinea pig study on external cell growth factors after fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser therapy.
    Source

    Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou Clinical college of Anhui Medical university , Hangzhou , P. R. China.

    Abstract

    Abstract Background and objectives: The Fractional Ultrapulsed CO2 laser has been successfully used in treating fine wrinkles, acne scars, and photoaged skin. However, the downtime typically lasts a week or more. The purpose of this study was to observe the efficacy of external cell growth factors after Fractional Ultrapulsed CO2 laser therapy. Methods: The back skin of 20 male guinea pigs were divided into four regions after hair removal, then these four regions were irradiated with Fractional Ultrapulsed CO2 laser, respectively. These 80 incised wounds were randomly divided into three therapeutic groups and a control group. The general condition of the wound healing was observed grossly. The determination of physiological functions was done and biopsies were harvested at different time points to compare the change of skin flexibility and fibroblasts number. Results: The wound healing time of therapeutic groups shortened when compared with the control group. The flexibility of skin and the number of fibroblasts were also more than the control group. The effects of combined application of rhEGF and rb-bFGF therapeutic group were most conspicuous. Conclusions: Combined application of rhEGF with rb-bFGF could be more beneficial to the wound after Fractional Ultrapulsed CO2 laser therapy. It could accelerate the wound healing and increase the flexibility of wound skin, so the significance was important to direct clinical application.

    PMID:23464756
    [PubMed – in process]

  • Current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms in fibroplasia and angiogenesis during acute wound healing.
    Source

    Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital South Manchester Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.

    Abstract

    Cutaneous wound healing ultimately functions to facilitate barrier restoration following injury-induced loss of skin integrity. It is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-cellular, multi-molecular process involving coordinated inter-play between complex signaling networks. Cellular proliferation is recognized as the third stage of this sequence. Within this phase, fibroplasia and angiogenesis are co-dependent processes which must be successfully completed in order to form an evolving extracellular matrix and granulation tissue. The resultant structures guide cellular infiltration, differentiation and secretory profile within the wound environment and consequently have major influence on the success or failure of wound healing. This review integrates in vitro, animal and human in vivo studies, to provide up to date descriptions of molecular and cellular interactions involved in fibroplasia and angiogenesis. Significant molecular networks include adhesion molecules, proteinases, cytokines and chemokine’s as well as a plethora of growth factors. These signals are produced by, and affect behavior of, cells including fibroblasts, fibrocytes, keratinocytes, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells resulting in significant cellular phenotypic and functional plasticity, as well as controlling composition and remodeling of structural proteins including collagen and fibronectin. The interdependent relationship between angiogenesis and fibroplasia relies on dynamic reciprocity between cellular components, matrix proteins and bioactive molecules. Unbalanced regulation of any one component can have significant consequences resulting in delayed healing, chronic wounds or abnormal scar formation. Greater understanding of angiogenic and fibroblastic mechanisms underlying chronic wound pathogenesis has identified novel therapeutic targets and enabled development of improved treatment strategies including topical growth factors and skin substitutes.

    Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

    KEYWORDS:

    Acute wounds, Angiogenesis, Chronic wounds, Fibroplasia, Wound healing

    PMID:23958517
    [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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